Acyanotic Congenital Heart disease with Left to Right Shunt

Acyanotic congenital heart disease in the adult population primarily involves left-to-right shunts, such as atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and obstructive lesions such as aortic coarctation of the aorta. The most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease in adults is tetralogy of Fallot. Most patients with congenital heart disease will need to undergo surgery, catheterization, or catheterization intervention. Results are excellent in the adult population. Atrial septal defect is a common cardiac anomaly that may be first encountered in the adult Defects of the ventricular septum are common as isolated defects or as a component of a combination of anomalies. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel leading from the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery to the aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery. Normally, the vascular channel is open in the fetus but closes immediately after birth. Aneurysm of an aortic sinus of Valsalva consists of a separation or lack of fusion between the media of the aorta and the annulus of the aortic valve. Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula is an unusual anomaly consists of a communication between a coronary artery and another cardiac chamber, (usually the coronary sinus, right atrium, or right ventricle)

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Approach to Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. The vast majority (85%) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term tobacco smoking. Lung cancer is classified as small cell lung cancer and non small cell lung cancer. This classification was done to help aide treatment decision. Non small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Risk for lung cancer increases with age. The longer you smoke, the greater the risk. Very few cases gets diagnosed in people under 40 years old and the most common age of diagnosis is between age 70 to 74 years old. Symptoms of lung cancer include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, chest pain, loss of appetite, weight loss and general fatigue. Some lung cancer do not cause any noticeable symptoms until they are quite advanced and have spread to other parts of the body...

Hordeolum or Stye

Hordeolum or stye Acute staphylococcal infection of the associated glands of the lids External or internal external: small red bumps red bump underneath the lid with only generalized redness and swelling visible on the outside infection of the sebaceous glands of Zeis at the base of the eyelashes, or an infection of the apocrine sweat glands of Moll 1. Melbomian glands: away from the lid margin: internal Hordeulum 2. Zeiss and moll: swelling at the lid margin: external Hordeolum Styes are commonly caused by the blocking of an oil gland at the base of the eyelash The primary mode of treatment for a stye is application of warm compresses. Incision and drainage is performed if resolution does not begin in the next 48 hours after warm compresses are started Styes are similar to chalazia, but tend to be of smaller size and are more painful and usually produce no lasting damage The best home cure is to dip tissue into warm (not hot) tea and drape it on your face for 5 minut...

Chalazia vs Stye

Styes and chalazia are lumps in or along the edge of an eyelid. They may be painful or annoying, but they are rarely serious Chalazia usually larger and may not hurt forms when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked chronic and usually do not resolve without intervention grow more slowly than styes tend to develop farther from the edge of the eyelid than styes Stye appears as a red, sore lump near the edge of the eyelid caused by an infected eyelash follicle Styes are caused by a bacterial infection acute onset and usually short in duration (7–10 days without treatment) when a a stye doesn't heal, it can turn into a chalazion

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