Approach to Colorectal Cancer

Malignant neoplasm of the large intestines or colorectal cancer has low indicence in Asia.

It's occurrence is probably related to high fat and low fiber diet.

Gross features of colorectal cancer in the proximal colon is large bulky mass that undergoes necrosis. Colorectal cancer located in the distal colon show annular constriction like a napkin ring. Histologically, most colorectal cancer is adenocarcinoma. The tumor growth has a doubling time of about 620 days. Rectal cancers have a tendency to invade local structures.

Screening for colorectal cancer is 50 years old where occult blood test, colonoscopy are recommended screening tests.

Tumor marker screening of CEA has low sensitivity and specificity. CEA has low predictive value diagnosis in asymptomatic patients.

The treatment of choice for colorectal cancer is surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy is most effective when tumor burden is minimal and cell kinetics are optimal. 5-FU plus levamisole significantly reduced recurrence rate and death

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Approach to Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. The vast majority (85%) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term tobacco smoking. Lung cancer is classified as small cell lung cancer and non small cell lung cancer. This classification was done to help aide treatment decision. Non small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Risk for lung cancer increases with age. The longer you smoke, the greater the risk. Very few cases gets diagnosed in people under 40 years old and the most common age of diagnosis is between age 70 to 74 years old. Symptoms of lung cancer include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, chest pain, loss of appetite, weight loss and general fatigue. Some lung cancer do not cause any noticeable symptoms until they are quite advanced and have spread to other parts of the body...

Hordeolum or Stye

Hordeolum or stye Acute staphylococcal infection of the associated glands of the lids External or internal external: small red bumps red bump underneath the lid with only generalized redness and swelling visible on the outside infection of the sebaceous glands of Zeis at the base of the eyelashes, or an infection of the apocrine sweat glands of Moll 1. Melbomian glands: away from the lid margin: internal Hordeulum 2. Zeiss and moll: swelling at the lid margin: external Hordeolum Styes are commonly caused by the blocking of an oil gland at the base of the eyelash The primary mode of treatment for a stye is application of warm compresses. Incision and drainage is performed if resolution does not begin in the next 48 hours after warm compresses are started Styes are similar to chalazia, but tend to be of smaller size and are more painful and usually produce no lasting damage The best home cure is to dip tissue into warm (not hot) tea and drape it on your face for 5 minut...

Chalazia vs Stye

Styes and chalazia are lumps in or along the edge of an eyelid. They may be painful or annoying, but they are rarely serious Chalazia usually larger and may not hurt forms when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked chronic and usually do not resolve without intervention grow more slowly than styes tend to develop farther from the edge of the eyelid than styes Stye appears as a red, sore lump near the edge of the eyelid caused by an infected eyelash follicle Styes are caused by a bacterial infection acute onset and usually short in duration (7–10 days without treatment) when a a stye doesn't heal, it can turn into a chalazion

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